According to the Centre for Sports Surfaces, Cranfield University and the University of Exeter’s Sports Science Department, investigations have been initiated to enhance the engineering of sporting surfaces besides increasing the surface quality and longevity to reduce the possibilities of injuries.

The project, which is to be funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, is looking to develop a new model for predicting the behavior of sporting surfaces with an aim to reduce the number of sporting injuries. This project will be responsible for investigating the integration between soil mechanics and human biomechanics to reduce the possible risks.

Dr Iain James, the project’s Principal Investigator, said that he is delighted that the project is being funded because findings of this project may prove to be beneficial in making sizeable advances in the improvement of natural sports pitches.

From News-Medical.Net:

Dr Iain James, the project’s Principal Investigator, said: “I’m delighted this project has been funded, and I look forward to using the team’s innovative research to make a significant advance in the improvement of natural sports pitches.

“Our research will have wider implications and directly benefit UK industry, sports governing bodies and participants in sporting activity.”

Speaking about the research, David Winn, Training and Education Manager at the Institute of Groundmanship, said: “Any research that can add to the professionalism of the groundsman to produce safer and more consistent natural surfaces can only be good for the relevant sports and, more importantly, for the sportspeople involved, especially the younger children.”

David Winn, Training and Education Manager at the Institute of Groundmanship, added that this kind of a project will add to the professionalism of the groundsmen who are looking to create safer and consistent sporting surfaces.

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According to a new study, children who take steroid drugs for nephrotic syndrome do not suffer bone loss, which is a common side-effect of steroid treatment methodologies in adults.

Childhood nephrotic syndrome, which is believed to affect 3 out of 100,000 children, is one of the most common chronic kidney ailments in children. Though it does not impair functions of kidney, it weakens the human body’s ability to remove salt and water from the blood to cause swelling in the legs, belly, and around the eyes.

From News-Medical.Net:

“Unlike other childhood diseases treated with steroid drugs, such as inflammatory bowel disease or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome resolves quickly when treated,” said pediatric nephrologist Mary B. Leonard, M.D., of The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, lead author of the study. “We specifically chose steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome because we are able to isolate the drug’s effects on bones, without having an underlying systemic disease simultaneously affecting the bones.”

The team led by Dr. Leonard compared 60 children and adolescents with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome to 195 healthy children. Specialized X- ray measurements showed no signs of osteoporosis, a loss in bone mass, among the nephrotic syndrome patients. The study appeared in the August 26 New England Journal of Medicine.

The researchers made adjustments for body mass index, an important consideration, since 38 percent of the children in the nephrotic syndrome sample were obese (in contrast, only 16 percent of the control subjects were obese, a proportion consistent with the general pediatric population). The disproportionate obesity among children with nephrotic syndrome disappears after the patients discontinue steroid treatments.

“While steroids tend to make children shorter and heavier than healthy children, increased weight is associated with an increase in bone mass,” said co-author Babette Zemel, Ph.D., of the Nutrition Center at Children’s Hospital. Specifically, whole-body measurements of bone mineral content were higher in children with nephrotic syndrome than in healthy children.

Dr. Leonard said that the findings of this report can be used to assure parents and doctors about steroid treatments for helping children with nephrotic syndrome as steroids do not enhance their risk of osteoporosis.

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In a study conducted by a team led by principal investigator Mary Fran Sowers, PhD, professor of epidemiology at the University of Michigan, postmenopausal women had longer sleeping time and tend to sleep deeper than pre-menopausal women. This is due to the changes in the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) found in the body. FSH levels are normally low during childhood and high after menopause. Faster FSH changes were associated with slow wave sleep and longer sleep duration. It was also associated, however, with poorer self-reported sleep quality.

The investigators found that the rate of change in FSH due to menopause transition is mainly the predictive factor of women’s sleeping patterns. These changes occurred and were measured during a seven-year period.

Furthermore, it was noted that women who are nearing the final stages of their menopause cycle have longer uninterrupted sleeping time than those in the early stages of their menopause cycle.

Furthermore, there were some studies presented that provide evidence of improvement in the sleep quality of post menopausal women with the use of hormone replacement therapy. This proposal for therapeutic use, however, can only relieve selected aspects of sleep quality and is not an overall solution for this particular issue.

According to Medical News Today:

Sixty-seven percent of women included in the sleep study were classified as premenopausal (no change in menstrual bleeding regularity) and early perimenopasual (menses in the preceding three months with an increase in bleeding irregularity), 21 percent were identified as late perimenopasual (menses in the previous 12 months, but not in the previous three months), and 11 percent were classified as postmenopausal (12 months of amenorrhea). The median age was 52 years and median body mass index (BMI) was 28 kg. Women slept for a median of nearly six-and-a-half hours per night of the study with a median 40 minutes of wakefulness following sleep onset.

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Steroids provide rapid pain relief and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties make it so popular in the treatment of shoulder or rotator cuff injury and other tendon-related injuries. However, a recent study showed that steroids injection can actually produce temporary weakening of the tendons and surrounding tissues right after steroid injection. Patients should rest for a few weeks before returning to their regular activities or begin physical therapy sessions.

According to the senior study investigator Dr. John Callaci, an assistant professor in the Loyola University Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation in Chicago, steroid injection brings about a response to tissues similar to a tendon injury. Tendons usually behave like it thinks it has been acutely injured. It will then produce things that it normally produces when it is injured in order to heal itself. This mechanism may produce temporary instability.

The researchers are currently conducting further research to determine if steroids affect the strength, stress, strain and elasticity of tendons. They are still in the process of investigating the basis of how tendons heal and how steroids may help in the healing process. They further added that they want to determine certain information such as changes in biomechanical properties after steroid injection, amount of scar formation after using steroids and other changes a tissue undergoes after treatment.

According to Dr. Callaci as quoted by Medical News Today:

“We found that steroid injections cause a tendon to behave in a way where it thinks it has been acutely injured,” noted Callaci. “Steroids rapidly provide anti-inflammatory and pain relief. That is why steroids are so popular, but physical therapy also can produce some of the same effects. It just takes longer.”

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A team of researchers in Germany, led by Mario Thevis, Director of the Center for Preventive Doping Research at the German Sport University of Cologne, developed a new kind of test to detect a class of compounds known as benzothiazepines.

Benzothiazepines are known to treat variant angina, drug-induced, stable or naturally-occurring. Drugs such as Diltiazem contain this compound.

This compound is known to stop calcium leaking out of the muscles. Calcium is very important in obtaining optimum muscle contractions, end if it leaks out, then this would cause weakening and eventually, muscle fatigue.

Compounds in their early stage of development, especially when they have not undergone any human clinical trials, may be left undetected. In the past, tests are usually developed only after a drug is known to be in circulation.

This time, however, the researchers obtained molecular “fingerprints” of this compound to be used for future testing to trace JTV-519 and S-107 benzothiazepines. This is to help sports officials prepare for any future misuse of the drug. The test is ultra sensitive that it can even detect small concentrations of the compound found in urine to as low as 0.1 nanograms per milliliter.

According to Mario Thevis from Science Daily:

“We used the common approaches that are employed for detecting anabolic agents. Our work showed that we could identify the right compounds and that we have a sensitive test,” says Thevis.

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The usage of steroids is not just limited to those girls involved in competitive athletics. According to a national survey published in the June issue of Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, steroid use in girls is also associated with a cluster of harmful behavior patterns such as diet pills and smoking.

Diane L. Elliot, M.D., of the Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, and colleagues made assessed anabolic steroids among young girls during a study that involved 7,544 female students in grades nine through 12 completing the survey.

From News-Medical.Net:

“Adolescent girls reporting anabolic steroid use had significantly more other health-harming behaviors,” they continue. “They were much more likely to use other unhealthy substances, including past 30-day use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine.” Young female steroid users were also more likely to:

* have had sexual intercourse before age 13
* have been pregnant
* drink and drive or have ridden with a drinking driver
* carry a weapon
* have been in a fight on school property in the past year
* have feelings of sadness or hopelessness almost every day for at least two weeks
* have attempted suicide

More than two-thirds of the teen girls surveyed reported trying to change their weight. However, those who used steroids were more likely to turn to extreme weight-loss techniques, including vomiting and laxative use. “Anabolic steroids are body-shaping agents and cause a loss in body fat and an increase in lean tissue; therefore, their association with unhealthy weight loss practices was not surprising,” the authors write.

The study pointed out high-risk adolescent girls received less attention than adolescent boys suggesting that their actions are more destructive on a personal front.

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As per the findings of French researchers that were published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, children as young as eleven are using drugs to enhance their sporting performance and stay ahead of the competition.

It was also found during the study that while 44 percent of children under eleven confessed to use of steroids in sports, the number got increased from 1.2 to 3.0 percent in case of children who celebrated their 15th birthday.

From News-Medical.Net:

The children completed questionnaires every six months about their use of doping agents, tobacco, alcohol and cannabis; involvement in sports; and assessed self-esteem and anxiety.

The French team found that more than one per cent of eleven year olds admitted to using performance enhancing drugs to do better in sports but by age 15, the number had increased from 1.2 to 3% and they were then being used on a regular basis.

While 62% of eleven years olds used doping agents less than once per month, at 15 the same number were using them at least every week and 24% on a daily basis.

Most commonly used to improve sporting prowess was the drug salbutamol, which was taken by 45% of users; 10% took corticosteroids and 6% cannabis and other stimulants and 38% anabolic agents.

Boys were more likely to take the drugs than girls and 4% experienced health problems, because of doping including becoming violent, changes to the voice and loss of consciousness.

Drug use was linked to sex, number of hours of practice per week, intention to use, other drug use, low self-esteem and anxiety.

This study was concerned with the use of drugs banned under the World Anti-Doping Agency International Standard and involved answers to questions asked from 3,500 eleven-year olds.

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The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Research Center at Copenhagen University Hospital in Denmark conducted a study of adding methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

The study involved patients with relapsing-remitting MS and who had the disease for an average of three years. The treatment group received both interferon and methylprednisolone, while the control group received the interferon drug and a placebo. The study lasted for three years and the participants were only seen every three months.

The researchers measured the size of the brain lesions at the initial phase and again after a period of three years. They found that those in the treatment group, their lesions either stayed the same size or it shrunk while the lesions grew in size for those in the control group. The sign of disease activity is measured primarily by the size of the lesion in the brain.

Furthermore, those who received both drugs have fewer incidences of relapses while those receiving interferon only have a 38% higher rate of relapse. In terms of MS disability tests, the treatment group improved slightly higher than the control or placebo group.

These results might be an indication that there is a synergy between the two drugs which can provide more benefits than interferon alone.

According to Science Daily:

“These results indicate that these two drugs may have a synergy when taken together and provide a more beneficial effect on the disease activity,” said study author Mads Ravnborg, MD, of the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Research Center at Copenhagen University Hospital in Denmark. “This is a promising finding, as the benefit from interferon is only moderate and not everyone responds fully to the treatment, so anything we can do to boost those results is positive.”

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Anabolic steroids such as Winstrol (Stanozolol) and Anavar (Oxandrolone or Oxandrin) are regaining huge markets in the US marketplace due to their unparalleled benefits and minimal or almost zero side-effects, when used in a discriminate manner.

Though both of these steroids were previously considered to be greeted with suspicious eyes, recent medical developments have suggested that they can be beneficial to everyone from a bodybuilder to a normal individual spending his time in the gymnasium.

From Wikipedia.org:

In bodybuilding stanozolol is typically “stacked” with other testosterone-based anabolic steroids. Stanozolol is liked by many due to the fact it causes strength increases without excess weight-gain, promotes increases in vascularity,[citation needed] and will not convert to estrogen. It also does not cause excess water retention, and even sometimes is thought to have a diuretic effect on the body.[citation needed]

Stanozolol is commonly used by athletes and bodybuilders alike to lose fat while retaining lean body mass. It is usually used in a “cutting cycle”, to help preserve lean body mass while metabolizing adipose, although it has not been proven conclusively that it has any special fat-burning properties.

It is presented most commonly as a 50 mg/mL injection or a 5 mg tablet. However, recently 100 mg/mL versions have become available. A common dosage can be 10-25 mg/day orally and 25-50 mg daily injected, with optimal results usually seen at 50 mg/day. It is reduced to micrometer particles in aqueous suspension and does not have a typical elimination half-life.

Authentic stanozolol can easily be seen, because it will separate in its container if left undisturbed for a number of hours (the micronized crystal will fall to the bottom, and the water suspension will rise to the top). It has a white, milky color

As opposed to most other anabolic steroids Oxandrolone has two major advantages: First, it does not aromatize (convert to estrogen which causes gynecomastia - breast tissue). Second, it does not significantly influence the body’s normal testosterone production (HPTA axis) at low dosages (10mgs). When dosages are high (this goes for any anabolic steroid) then your body feels that it has enough testosterone and it reduces the production of LH (luteinizing hormone) which no longer stimulates Leydig cells in testicles to produce testosterone therefore causing testicular atrophy (shrinking). Post Cycle Therapy (PCT) is of course needed for high dosages (40–50 mg) of this synthetic derivative of testosterone because as the dosage increases the influence on HPTA is bigger. Lack of PCT will of course lead to protein catabolism until body’s normal testosterone secretion is back to normal.

In order to reap optimum benefits from Winstrol and Anavar, they can be stacked with other anabolic substances such as Dianabol, Deca Durabolin, and Clomid.

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According to a presented research at the 52nd American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Annual Meeting in Nashville, Tennessee, the quality of work, time management, and mental performance of workers is better on days when they exercise before arriving at their workplace.

It was found during the study that workers, after exercises, return to work more tolerant and more forgiving to themselves and others. The study also indicated that as much as 65 percent of workers showed improvements in areas of managing time and output demands in addition to a more stable mental and interpersonal performance when they exercised before coming to office.

From News-Medical.Net:

“The results are striking,” said lead researcher Jim McKenna, Ph.D. “We weren’t expecting such a strong improvement on productivity linked to exercising. Even more impressive was that these people already thought they were good at their jobs. Participants tracked mood, and as expected, exercising enhanced their mood. However, boosts in productivity were over and above the mood effects; it’s the exercise—or attitude related to exercise—that affects productivity.”

Focus groups confirmed the surprisingly strong effects of workplace exercise. “We expected to hear more about the downside, such as afternoon fatigue,” said McKenna. “But out of 18 themes raised by study participants, 14 were positive. It was almost overwhelming.”

Workplace exercise programs, said McKenna, benefit more than just the workers. “Companies see more productive employees who also work better together. From the public health side, health care costs can be expected to go down for employees who regularly exercise at work. Think of it: fewer sick days, better attendance and more tolerant co-worker relations.”

As per lead researcher Jim McKenna, Ph.D., there is a plan in pipeline for the university employees, which is based on the study findings.

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