Human chorionic gonadotropin, more commonly referred to as HCG is a glycoprotein consisting of a peptide chain of 244 amino acids. Its molecular weight is 36.7 kDa.

HCH is heterodimeric in nature composed of an α (alpha) subunit identical to that of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH) and  thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a β (beta) subunit which forms a distinctive feature of HCG. It’s α (alpha) subunit has a peptide chain of 92 amino acids and β-subunit consists of 145 amino acids. This peptide chain is encoded by six highly-homologous genes, arranged in tandem with pairs inverted on its chromosome. These two subunits are known for creating a hydrophobic core which is surrounded by a high surface area-to-volume ratio, approximately 2.8 times that of that sphere. Most of the amino acids on the outer side are hydrophilic.

This glycoprotein hormone is primarily released in the body when a woman is pregnant. It is released by the developing embryo in the uterus and then later by the syncytiotrophoblast which is actually a part of the placenta surrounding the embryo. Some cancerous tumors are also known to cause the production of this hormone. Hence if it is found in high measures in a patient who is not pregnant, it plays an important role in help rule out any risk of cancer. However, it has still not been found whether the production of HCG is a contributing factor or a result of tumorigenesis taking place in the patient. The luteinizing hormone (LH) is a pituitary analog of HCG and is secreted in the pituitary gland of both males as well as females. Owing to its similarity to LH, this chorionic gonadotropin is clinically used to induce testosterone production in the testes of males and ovulation in the ovaries of females. It is also known to activate apoptosis and play an active role in cellular differentiation and proliferation.

Benefits of HCG:

  • A highly known benefit of HCG is that when combined with a low calorie diet, it triggers the hypothalamus to release upto 2000 to 4000 calories in a single day.
  • HCG when ingested orally is known to target the abnormal fat stored in the body. This fat mainly complies with lipids which do not burn even by dieting and rigorous workouts.
  • HCG intake greatly changes the appetite of a person. From large quantities ingested in a single meal, HCG administration naturally makes the person to eat smaller meals and this habit tends to stay with the person for life.
  • When taken orally, HCG initiates the body to lose some great amount of body fat as well as weight. The body will undergo contouring and one might see a decrease in its circumference until it adjusts itself to its metabolic weight.
  • As the person loses fat, his/her skin retracts improving the tenderness of the skin.
  • A major drawback associated with drugs used for weight loss is that low calorie in the body often leads to loss of muscle mass as well. However, in case of HCG there is no such side effect seen.

Users of HCG have also reported many beauty benefits of its use:

  • They have found that because of healthy eating their acne as well as black spots have greatly reduced.
  • People have experienced elimination of dark circles under the eyes as under HCG diet, fast food and sodas are not consumed which are the main causes of dark circles.

Beneficial in bodybuilding:

  • HCG happens to be one of the most desirable drugs for bodybuilders and people undergoing heavy workouts competitive purposes, for it helps in recovery of muscle soreness way much faster than other steroids.
  • Weight loss caused by HCG administration is rapid but is considered to be safe which is 20 to 40 pounds a month.

Human chorionic gonadotropin is largely employed as a tumor marker, as its β subunit is released by some cancerous cells. Therefore it is used for tracking seminoma, choriocarcinoma, germ cell tumors, hydatidiform mole formation and teratoma.

In order to experience long term benefits of HCG, it is important for the person to maintain the HCG diet as well as regular exercise regime.

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