The quality of life for HIV-patients may have improved due to introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but that has increased the risk of long-term negative disorders, namely osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial ailment that is characterized by a consistent minimization in body bone mass and its mechanical resistance. Increased propensity to bone fractures is a common symptom with individuals suffering from this medical complication.

From News-Medical.Net:

Now, a study has been published in the Spanish review Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica [Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology] showing the increase in prevalence of this disorder in HIV-1 infected patients.

The principal investigator of the study, José Manuel Olmos, clarifies to SINC that: “As soon as Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy was introduced, which we call HAART, this infection was transformed into a chronic disease with an acceptable quality of life in the developed countries”.

There are multiple reasons that explain the propensity to osteoporosis in those patients who have the virus. Some are related to the HIV-1 infection itself, such as the lymphocyte activity, the release of cytokines that stimulate bone absorption, hypogonadism (a disorder where the reproductive organs do not function), Vitamin D deficit, malnutrition or low level of physical activity. Other reasons depend on the treatment patients receive with corticosteroid and antiretroviral medicines.

According to the authors, “for the moment, it does not seem that osteoporotic fractures represent a significant problem. However, as the patient gets older a reduction in their quality of life may occur.

The authors noted that a bone densitometry scan is required to be performed each and every time there is a data pertaining to hypogonadism, treated with steroids for chronic ailment or a past history of osteoporosis induced fractures with an aim to improve patient’s progress.

Tags: body bone mass, bone densitometry scan, HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, steroids

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