Plants tend to “pump” up like major league baseball players do on steroids when they are given extra shots of brassinolide, the plant steroid. Researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies while tracing signal of brassinolide deep into the cell’s nucleus unraveled how the growth-boosting hormone performs this job at the molecular level.

The Salk researchers, led by Joanne Chory, a professor in the Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, published their findings in the journal Nature.

From Sciencedaily.com:

Brassinolide, a member of a family of plant hormones known as brassinosteroids, is a key element of plants’ response to light, enabling them to adjust growth to reach light or strengthen stems. Exploiting its potent growth-promoting properties could increase crop yields or enable growers to make plants more resistant to drought, pathogens, and cold weather.

Unfortunately, synthesizing brassinosteroids in the lab is complicated and expensive. But understanding how plant steroids work at the molecular level may one day lead to cheap and simple ways to bulk up crop harvests.

Likewise, since low brassinolide levels are associated with dwarfism, manipulating hormone levels during dormant seasons may allow growers to control the height of grasses, trees or other plants, thereby eliminating the need to constantly manicure gardens.

Based on earlier studies, the Salk researchers had developed a model that explained what happens inside a plant cell when brassinolide signals a plant cell to start growing.

Chory remarked that this study clarifies what happens in the downstream in the nucleus when brassinolide signals a plant cell to grow.

Tags: brassinolide, brassinosteroids, plant steroid, steroid, steroids

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A previously unidentified pathway in plant cells that is responsible for regulating plant growth has been discovered by researchers at the Iowa State University.

Yanhai Yin, an assistant professor in genetics, development and cell biology, studied brassinosteroids that are signaling mechanisms of a plant hormone. It is worth noting here that this hormone controls the cell growth.

Yin said that the brassinosteroids (BRs) have a big impact on how large the plant can grow.

From Sciencedaily.com:

“Previously, we knew that steroids promote growth,” said Yin. “In model plants like Arabidopsis (a relative of mustard) and crops such as corn and rice, if you have more steroids, you have more growth, and if you have less steroids, you have less growth and the plant is smaller.”

Now Yin knows that the HERK1 (named for Hercules — the Greek and Roman god who possessed superhuman strength) pathway, induced by BRs, is controlling much of that growth.

Yin and his team’s findings are in the May 5 edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

Yin and his group are now focusing on ascertaining what regulates HERK1 and how HERK1 controls growth. Yin said that this finding may help to manipulate corn and rice in case of more grain or more mass for bio-energy crops.

Tags: brassinosteroids, HERK1, steroids

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A new study by plant biologists at the Carnegie Institution revealed that though steroids bulk up plants just as they do human athletes, the playbook of molecular signals governing genes to promote growth and development in plant cells is far complicated as against animal and human cells.

The study, which was published in an issue of the Science Magazine, was headed by Zhi-Yong Wang and Wenqinag Tang of the Carnegie Institution’s Department of Plant Biology with seven co-authors.

Plant steroids, called brassinosteroids, are considered to be key hormones in the world of Plant Kingdom. Brassinosteroids tend to function differently at the cellular level and regulate varied aspects of growth and development in plants.

From Bio-Medicine.org:

The study targeted a class of proteins called kinases, which transmit signals by exchanging phosphate ions. The electrophoresis analyses identified a group of kinases that responded to the presence of brassinosteroids. The researchers called these proteins BSKs (brassinosteroid signaling kinases). Follow-up analyses confirmed their crucial function in brassinosteroid signaling.

“BRKs are the first major signaling component to be identified by a quantitative proteomics approach in plants.” says Wang. “Finding them fills a major gap in the brassinosteroid signal pathway and may have major implications for our understanding of other signaling processes in plants as well. The plant genome codes for many hundreds of receptors at the cell surface, but a major missing link is their connection to the intracellular signaling cascades. Plant cells also contain quite a number of proteins that are similar to BSK, so it is tempting to speculate that they represent these missing connections”. Wang’s findings have not only helped establish the connections of the steroid signaling pathway, but possibly offers a paradigm for both kinase signaling in plants and for steroid signaling by cell-surface receptors in general. More importantly, the success of the proteomic methods demonstrated by Wang’s study will have a major impact on studies of other signal transduction pathways.

The study revealed that the separation of membranes from the remaining cell material followed by an analysis of the fraction help in isolation of low-abundance signaling proteins and identification of molecules. This study was based on proteomics for the purpose of identifying key links in the steroid signaling chain.

Tags: brassinosteroids, molecular signals, plant steroids, proteomics, steroid signaling chain, steroids

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A study conducted by plant biologists at the Carnegie Institution, established the connections of the steroid signaling pathway in plants and for steroid signaling by cell-surface receptors in general. In the research of Zhi-Yong Wang and colleagues, they have found that a kind of plant steroids called brassinosteroids play a vital role in the growth and development of plant cells.

From ScienceDaily:

Steroids bulk up plants just as they do human athletes, but the playbook of molecular signals that tell the genes to boost growth and development in plant cells is far more complicated than in human and animal cells.

A new study by plant biologists at the Carnegie Institution used an emerging molecular approach called proteomics to identify key links in the steroid signaling chain. Understanding how these plant hormones activate genes could lead not only to enhanced harvests but also to new insights into how steroids regulate growth in both plant and animal cells.

The study by Zhi-Yong Wang and Wenqinag Tang of the Carnegie Institution’s Department of Plant Biology with seven co-authors* is published in the July 25 issue of the journal Science.

Plant steroids, called brassinosteroids, are key hormones throughout the plant kingdom. They regulate many aspects of growth and development, and mutants deficient in brassinosteroids are often extremely stunted and infertile. Brassinosteroids are similar in many respects to animal steroids, but appear to function very differently at the cellular level. Animal cells respond to steroids using internal receptor molecules within the cells nucleus, whereas in plants the receptors are anchored to the outside surface of the cell membranes.

The research team used a molecular approach called proteomics to understand how these brassinosteroids activate plant genes and bulk up cells. The study created new perceptions on how steroids play important role in promoting growth in both plants and animals.

Tags: brassinosteroids, Carnegie Institution, proteomic, steroids, Zhi-Yong Wang

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Plant steroids are called brassinosteroids which regulates plants growth and development. Plants deficient in brassinosteroids are stunted in growth and are infertile. Brassinosteroids work at cellular level and targets the receptors which are anchored to the outside surface of the cell membranes. Researchers studied the transmission of hormonal signal from the cell surface receptor to its action in the nucleus, where genes are the targets of regulation. This was all based on proteomics-the comprehensive survey and mapping of proteins. Since cell membrane is made up of proteins and brassinosteroids functions on cell membrane, thus researchers tried separating the membranes from the rest of the cell material and just analyzed that fraction. And that worked.

From Eureka Science:

Plant steroids, called brassinosteroids, are key hormones throughout the plant kingdom. They regulate many aspects of growth and development, and mutants deficient in brassinosteroids are often extremely stunted and infertile.

Wang’s findings have not only helped establish the connections of the steroid signaling pathway, but possibly offers a paradigm for both kinase signaling in plants and for steroid signaling by cell-surface receptors in general.

More importantly, the success of the proteomic methods demonstrated by Wang’s study will have a major impact on studies of other signal transduction pathways.

In the studies produced, it was found that kinases, a class of proteins, which are linked with phosphate ions, responded to brassinosteroids. This was known as brassinosteroids signaling kinases, which were supposed to be first ever signaling compound to be inferred by proteomics.

Major works showed by Wang showed the signal transduction pathways which established the connection between kinase signaling in plants and steroid signaling by cell-surface receptors in general.

Till now, we believed that steroids just work on human and animals, but the above studies showed the hormone paradigm in plants along with steroids and gave us a new way in research.

Tags: brassinosteroids, hormone, infertility, kinases, proteins, proteomics, signal transduction pathways

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