A new mechanism has been identified by Walter Wahli and colleagues, at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland underlying the differential expression of proteins in male and female mice.

Expression of liver proteins controls a varying number of whole-body processes like energy generation, and lipid and steroid hormone production and turnover.

The research appeared in September 1, 2009 issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation.

From Sciencedaily.com:

The protein PPAR-alpha is able to enter the nucleus, where it acts to control the expression of a large number of genes. In the study, PPAR-alpha was found to repress the expression of many liver genes responsible for making proteins involved in immunity and steroid production and turnover only in female mice. One of the genes most strongly repressed in female mice by PPAR-alpha was Cyp7b1, which generates a protein involved in drug breakdown and the generation of cholesterol, steroids, and other fats. Detailed analysis revealed the mechanism by which PPAR-alpha repressed Cyp7b1 expression, it was modified by a process known as sumoylation.

It was suggested by the authors that PPAR-alpha agonists might provide a new approach to prevent estrogen-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, the most common liver disease during pregnancy.

Tags: cholesterol, liver proteins, steroid, steroids

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Scientists at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain have discovered species of bacteria with cholesterol-busting properties. The team of Dr. Oliver Drzyzga and colleagues discovered the species by isolating the new bug, called Gordonia cholesterolivorans, from sewage sludge.

According to Dr. Drzyzga, Gordonia bacteria are capable of producing steroid compounds which could be useful in the pharmaceutical and medical sectors in the future. Despite the bacteria’s ability to breakdown cholesterol, the team pointed out that Gordonia cholesterolivorans cannot help treat high cholesterol-related conditions in humans.

From Medical News Today:

A novel species of bacteria with cholesterol-busting properties has been discovered by scientists at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. Dr Oliver Drzyzga and colleagues isolated the new bug, called Gordonia cholesterolivorans, from sewage sludge.

A steroid found in all body tissues, cholesterol is used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries as stabilizer, emollient and water-binding agent. As a consequence, steroids – including cholesterol - are a major group of contaminants in urban sewage residues.

Dr. Drzyzga and co-workers are studying the genetics of this novel bacterium to genetically modify strains that might also be used to synthesize new and industrially useful breakdown products of cholesterol.

“New steroid compounds made by these bacteria may find applications in the pharmaceutical and medical sectors in the future, but as some Gordonia species are pathogenic to humans it is unlikely that they could be used directly to treat high cholesterol-related conditions in humans”, said Dr Drzyzga.

Gordonia bacteria have only been classed as a separate group of bacteria since 1997 but they have already proved useful as they are able to degrade a wide range of environmental pollutants including phthalates (used in plastics), rubber and hazardous compounds such as the explosive hexogen. Gordonia’s ability to break down cholesterol means that it could be used to clean up contamination.

Tags: cholesterol, Dr. Drzyzga, Gordonia cholesterolivorans, steroids

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