According to new bench research from the Mayo Clinic, female sex hormones could work with beta-agonists in minimizing airway constriction.

Lead student researcher, Elizabeth A. Townsend, of the Mayo Clinic Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, said that it will be of interest to ascertain whether sex steroids such as estrogen and progesterone play a role in modulation of airway tone.

From Sciencedaily.com:

Townsend and colleagues then asked whether estrogens could produce bronchodilation, and might the combination of commonly used bronchodilators (beta-2 agonists) and estrogens be used to produce even greater bronchodilation? In laboratory studies using human airway smooth muscle cells, they found that combined treatment with estradiol and the beta-agonist, isoproterenol (which non-selectively activates both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors), had a synergistic effect on decreasing intracellular calcium and force more than either estradiol or isoproterenol alone. They also found that these effects may involve a common signaling pathway.

“These novel data suggest that estradiol has bronchodilatory properties, and may potentiate beta-2-agonist effects,” said Ms. Townsend. “The finding that estrogens interact synergistically with beta-adrenoceptor signaling (perhaps using common pathways) to facilitate bronchodilation was exciting, and lends itself to further studies on interactions between sex steroids and beta-2-agonists.” But she and her team also cautioned that there is still considerable research necessary to fully understand the association between sex steroids and factors that contribute to asthma, before the information can be used clinically in patients to relieve asthma symptoms.

The findings are being presented at the ATS 2010 International Conference in New Orleans.

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There is a possible interlinking between genetic variations and the increased risk for severe premenstrual depression, according to findings disclosed by scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the National Institute of Mental Health.

The psychiatric condition, which is known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) affects approximately eight percent of women in their child-bearing years. This condition is characterized by severe anxiety and irritability during second half of the menstrual cycle.

From News-Medical.Net:

Compared to the control group, women with PMDD were significantly more likely to have the ESR1 gene variants, the study found.

“While these are preliminary findings that require replication in larger studies, we would argue that this may explain part of the variance among women in the susceptibility to developing this mood disorder,” Rubinow said. “Studies have shown that PMDD is characterized by abnormal sensitivity to reproductive steroids like estrogen. As a receptor for the hormone that can trigger the onset of PMDD symptoms, ESR1 has clear physiologic relevance for this disorder.”

The authors acknowledge that as with other complex genetic disorders, the contribution to PMDD of polymorphisms in a single gene may not be large. In addition, they also noted that the findings may be telling us more about the control group.

Dr. David R. Rubinow, the study’s senior author and the Meymandi distinguished professor and chair of psychiatry at UNC School of Medicine, was of the view that this study could possibly help find out important clues about why some women experience mood swings while others do not.

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Severe premenstrual dysphoric disorder, or PMDD, tends to affect approximately eight percent of women in their child-bearing years. The disorder is characterized by anxiety and severe irritability during second half of the menstrual cycle.

Scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the National Institute of Mental Health have found that there could be a possible association between this disorder and specific genetic variations.

From News-Medical.Net:

Compared to the control group, women with PMDD were significantly more likely to have the ESR1 gene variants, the study found.

“While these are preliminary findings that require replication in larger studies, we would argue that this may explain part of the variance among women in the susceptibility to developing this mood disorder,” Rubinow said. “Studies have shown that PMDD is characterized by abnormal sensitivity to reproductive steroids like estrogen. As a receptor for the hormone that can trigger the onset of PMDD symptoms, ESR1 has clear physiologic relevance for this disorder.”

The authors acknowledge that as with other complex genetic disorders, the contribution to PMDD of polymorphisms in a single gene may not be large. In addition, they also noted that the findings may be telling us more about the control group.

It was remarked by Dr. David R. Rubinow, the study’s senior author and the Meymandi distinguished professor and chair of psychiatry at UNC School of Medicine that this study offers implications as to why some women experience mood swings and what is the nature of this susceptibility.

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According to researchers from Germany, concentrations of testosterone in men and estrogen in women could have a positive effect on the regenerative potential of cartilage tissue.

In a study, it was suggested that hormone replacement in the joint fluid of men and women could be beneficial to treat late stages of human osteoarthritis (OA) by regenerating damaged tissue.

From Sciencedaily.com:

Nicolai Miosge, M.D., Ph.D., and colleagues from the August University in Goettingen, Germany examined the regenerative potential of chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) that are present in arthritic tissue during the late stages of OA. The research team speculated that these CPCs might be influenced by sex steroids, and therefore hormone replacement therapy directed to the joint fluid could be beneficial in restoring damaged tissue. Tissue samples from 372 patients who underwent total knee replacement were analyzed. The mean age was 71 years of age for men and 72 years for women, with women representing 64.25% of participants.

Estrogens are known to influence bone metabolism and researchers found that 17β-estradiol (E2), which increases calcium deposition in both sexes, was present in the joint fluid of study participants. CPCs positive for estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) as well as androgen receptors were present in the OA tissue as well. Both estrogen and testosterone influenced the expression of all 3 receptor genes and the CPCs by regulating gene expression.

Results of this evidence-based study appeared in an issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism, a journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology.

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In the wake of the recently released report by the American Medical Association’s (AMA) Council on Science and Public Health, Dr. Thomas T. Perls, an associate professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine has criticized the promotion and distribution of growth hormones that are used for purposes other than medical.

In an editorial appearing in the Future Medicine journal Aging Health, Dr. Perls applauded the courage shown by the AMA in its recently published assessment of risks and benefits of growth hormone, DHEA, estrogen, and testosterone for anti-aging.

From Sciencedaily.com:

There have always been nostrums and potions peddled for eternal youth. Most recently these have been what some entrepreneurs call “bio-identical” or “all-natural” hormones. What they mean by these terms varies from substances made from vegetables — such as soy or yams, which some claim have estrogen-like effects to, more commonly, drugs that are exactly the same as hormones prescribed by endocrinologists for specific diseases. Dr. Perls remarked: “The terms bio-identical or all-natural, particularly in the case of the drugs prescribed by endocrinologists, misleadingly convey a sense of safety to the gullible customer. Arsenic is all-natural to, and it even has some medical uses, but it is anything but safe.”

“The AMA’s review of the risks and benefits of these hormones in the setting of anti-aging and athletic enhancement is very important given its inclusion of the consensus and position statements of the key professional medical societies as well as the federal agencies that guard public health.” states Dr. Perls in the editorial.

Dr. Perls denounced the marketing of hormones, especially growth hormone and anabolic steroids, for the purpose of anti-aging.

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Concentrations of the sex hormones, testosterone in men and estrogen in women can have a positive effect on the regenerative potential of cartilage tissue as per German researchers.

It was suggested by the study that hormone replacement in the joint fluid of men and women can be advantageous for treating late stages of human osteoarthritis (OA) by regenerating damaged tissue.

From Sciencedaily.com:

Nicolai Miosge, M.D., Ph.D., and colleagues from the August University in Goettingen, Germany examined the regenerative potential of chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) that are present in arthritic tissue during the late stages of OA. The research team speculated that these CPCs might be influenced by sex steroids, and therefore hormone replacement therapy directed to the joint fluid could be beneficial in restoring damaged tissue. Tissue samples from 372 patients who underwent total knee replacement were analyzed. The mean age was 71 years of age for men and 72 years for women, with women representing 64.25% of participants.

Estrogens are known to influence bone metabolism and researchers found that 17β-estradiol (E2), which increases calcium deposition in both sexes, was present in the joint fluid of study participants. CPCs positive for estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) as well as androgen receptors were present in the OA tissue as well. Both estrogen and testosterone influenced the expression of all 3 receptor genes and the CPCs by regulating gene expression.

Details of this evidence-based study appeared in an issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism, a journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology.

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A dietary supplement used by some athletes, Androstenedione, when administered in dosages of 300 milligram (mg) may increase the blood testosterone levels in healthy young men, according to a study. It was also disclosed that both 100 and 300 mg doses of this supplement can also promote estrogen level increases. The study, however, did not examined if androstenedione has long-term side effects or of it can aid muscle mass or strength gains.

The study was led by researchers from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and reported in the Feb. 9 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

From Sciencedaily.com:

The MGH-led study was designed only to test the claim that taking oral androstenedione supplements would raise testosterone levels. The research team — led by Benjamin Leder, MD, also of the MGH Endocrine Unit — enrolled 42 healthy men aged 20 to 40 with no previous history of taking androstenedione, steroids or any medication known to affect steroid levels. Participants were divided randomly into three groups: 15 received 100 mg daily doses of androstenedione, 14 received 300 mg doses of androstenedione, and 13 received no androstenedione. During the seven-day study, blood tests taken at frequent intervals after participants took the capsules measured levels of four hormones: androstenedione, testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol.

While the 100 mg doses had no significant effect on testosterone levels, the 300 mg doses increased testosterone levels by an average of 34 percent. In one-third of those taking the 300 mg doses, testosterone levels exceeded the normal range for men. Testosterone levels returned to normal within a day of androstenedione administration. Estrogen levels also increased in both the 100 and 300 mg groups: estrone increased 74 percent at 100 mg and 196 percent at 300 mg, and estradiol increased 42 percent at 100 mg and 128 percent at 300 mg.

Joel Finkelstein, MD, of the MGH Endocrine Unit, the report’s senior author, remarked that this is the first of its kind study to disclose that sufficient doses of Androstenedione can increase serum testosterone.

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According to an article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences citing a discovery by scientists, the human brain produces growth hormone in human beings.

It was found by the researchers that growth hormone (GH) is produced within a structure deep inside the brain that is involved in memory and emotion, known as hippocampus. It was also found that growth hormone production is more in females than males, and more in adults.

From News-Medical.Net:

The scientists also found that more growth hormone is produced in females than in males, and more in adults. More growth hormone was also produced in response to estrogen. The study has implications for menopausal women using estrogen replacement therapy and for athletes taking growth hormone and anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass.

The scientists suspect that reasoning and mood may also be affected by these differences in the amount of growth hormone in the brain.

“Growth hormone has been associated with growth of muscles and bones, and the production of it was believed to lie mainly in the pituitary gland,” said co-author Ken S. Kosik, co-director of the Neuroscience Research Center at the University of California, Santa Barbara. “No one had thought too much about what growth hormone might be doing in the brain. Hormones in the brain may not be obvious compared to what they are doing in the rest of the body.”

First author Christine P. Donahue. Donahue, formerly a postdoctoral fellow of Ken Kosik and an instructor in the Department of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, said that GH production in men is positively stimulated with stress and is dependent on the estrogen level in women.

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There may be a possible linkage between specific genetic variations and the increased risk of severe premenstrual depression, according to scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the National Institute of Mental Health.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder or PMDD is a psychiatric condition that is considered to affect more than 8 percent of women during their child-bearing years. This complication is characterized by symptoms such as severe irritability and anxiety during second half of the menstrual cycle.

From News-Medical.Net:

Compared to the control group, women with PMDD were significantly more likely to have the ESR1 gene variants, the study found.

“While these are preliminary findings that require replication in larger studies, we would argue that this may explain part of the variance among women in the susceptibility to developing this mood disorder,” Rubinow said. “Studies have shown that PMDD is characterized by abnormal sensitivity to reproductive steroids like estrogen. As a receptor for the hormone that can trigger the onset of PMDD symptoms, ESR1 has clear physiologic relevance for this disorder.”

The authors acknowledge that as with other complex genetic disorders, the contribution to PMDD of polymorphisms in a single gene may not be large. In addition, they also noted that the findings may be telling us more about the control group.

Dr. David R. Rubinow, the study’s senior author and the Meymandi distinguished professor and chair of psychiatry at UNC School of Medicine, said that this study can provide critical clues to find out why some women get affected from mood changes while some do not along with finding the nature of this susceptibility.

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Scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the National Institute of Mental Health have found that there is a possible link between a certain genetic variation and increased risk for severe premenstrual depression.

This psychiatric condition, known as a premenstrual dysphoric disorder, or PMDD, affects around 8 percent of women in their child-bearing years and is characterized by severe irritability and anxiety during second half of the menstrual cycle.

From News-Medical.Net:

Compared to the control group, women with PMDD were significantly more likely to have the ESR1 gene variants, the study found.

“While these are preliminary findings that require replication in larger studies, we would argue that this may explain part of the variance among women in the susceptibility to developing this mood disorder,” Rubinow said. “Studies have shown that PMDD is characterized by abnormal sensitivity to reproductive steroids like estrogen. As a receptor for the hormone that can trigger the onset of PMDD symptoms, ESR1 has clear physiologic relevance for this disorder.”

The authors acknowledge that as with other complex genetic disorders, the contribution to PMDD of polymorphisms in a single gene may not be large. In addition, they also noted that the findings may be telling us more about the control group.

Dr. David R. Rubinow, the study’s senior author and the Meymandi distinguished professor and chair of psychiatry at UNC School of Medicine, said that the study may help in finding important clues to as to why some women suffer mood changes and others do not besides ascertaining the nature of that susceptibility.

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