Somatomedin C is a protein found in humans and is commonly termed as Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).  It is one of the most important hormones responsible for growth in children and has a molecular structure and size similar to that of Insulin.  It has a molecular weight of 7649 daltons and consists of a peptide chain with 70 amino acids in a single chain having three intramolecular disulphide bridges.

It is associated with the peptide family, commonly identified as the growth factors. Known to be a highly anabolic hormone, it is produced in liver and the peripheral tissues particularly in the cells of skeletal muscles. The presence of the Human Growth Hormone (HGH) in the body is considered to trigger the release of IGF-1 as its response. It is one of the most sought after substances by bodybuilders for the reason that it initiates the development of muscles in a very short period. As a result of rigorous training, the body experiences an increase in the Growth Hormone (GH) as well as the IGF-1 which causes the muscle cells to grow. Where GH is considered to have very strong anabolic properties, it is IGF which is believed to be responsible for its primary anabolic nature.

Growth hormone is mainly produced in the anterior pituitary gland which then flows into the blood stream stimulating the liver to produce IGF-1.  As a result, IGF-1  then  leads to the systemic body growth  of all the cells in the body mainly those of the  skeletal muscles, cartilage, bone, liver, kidney, nerves, skin, hematopoietic cell and the lungs. Apart from IFG’s insulin-like effects, IGF-1 also initiates regulated cell growth and development in the nerve cells and cellular DNA synthesis.

Deficiency of any of these two substances causes stunted growth in children who are then given recombinant GH to restore their condition.  People suffering from IGF-1 often suffer from Laron syndrome (Laron’s dwarfism) and are treated with recombinant IGF-1.

Normally 98% of IGF-1 is always seen to be bound to one of 6 binding proteins (IGF-BP).  The protein responsible for 80% binding of IGF is IGFBP-3and is bound to it in 1:1 molar ratio.

When administered, IGF-1 leads to the building of new muscle tissue by initiating the synthesis of protein along with the retention of nitrogen in the body. The prime functions associated with this are hyperplasia, which causes an increase in the muscle tissue and mitogenesis or the growth of new muscle fibers. This makes IGF -1 a highly favoured option for bodybuilders and power lifters seeking not only their muscle development but growth of muscle fibers as well.

Another benefit of employing IGF-1 is that it has a strong effect on the lipid metabolism of the body. In other words, it also plays a significant role in burning the body fat at a relatively fast rate. IFG-1 is also known to be a neuroprotector as well as a neuropromotor and finds its use in the improvement of functions related to the mind like reflexes, memory and ability to learn.

IGF-1 is employed as one of the most important substances required for the production of connective tissue in the joints, thereby ensuring appropriate bone density.

Being a highly potent drug for the development of muscle mass and fat-cutting, IGF’s Lr3 IGF-1 version is also considered to be equally powerful. Here Lr3IGF-1 stands for Long R3 Insulin-like Growth Factor-I or Long R3IGF-I.  It is a peptide of 83 amino acid analog of human IGF-I consisting of an entire human IGF-1 sequence. However, the only difference is that there is a substitution of an Arg for the Glu at position 3 and 13 amino acid extension at the N-terminus of the peptide.  It is for this reason that Long R3IGF-I is comparatively considered to be a more potent drug.

Some factors believed to cause changes in the levels of growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1 are the user genetic make-up, time of the day it is taken, age, sex, exercise status, stress level, nutrition level and body mass index (BMI). Reduction in IGF-1 signaling is also associated with the contribution of ‘anti-aging’ effects during calorie restriction phase.

A word of caution here is that increased use of IGF is often associated with enhanced risk of cancer.

Tags: bodybuilders, growth hormone, human growth hormone, IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1, Somatomedin C

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Cytomel is the market name for Liothyronine sodium and is the L-isomer of triiodothyronine (T3). It is one of the most potent forms of thyroid hormone and is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism and myxedema coma. It stands under the systematic (IUPAC) name of sodium (2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl] propanoate.

Cytomel is a favoured drug because it acts fast and has a shorter biological half-life due to less plasma protein binding with thyroxine-binding globulin and transthyretin. In the body it is known to enhance the basal metabolic rate, initiate protein synthesis and increase body’s receptivity to catecholamines, particularly adrenaline by permissiveness.

There are two categories of thyroid hormone preparations. First is the Natural hormone preparation which is derived from an animal steroid and second is the synthetic preparation. Natural steroid includes desiccated thyroid derived from domesticated animals and thyroglobulin, derived from thyroid glands of the hog. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) has standardized the total iodine content of natural preparations. In the body, this natural T3 initiates the process of oxidative metabolism of the energy producing food substrates or those stored in the fat, muscles and glycogen. This takes place in the mitochondria of our cells, which are popularly called the ‘powerhouses’ because it is here that energy for the consumption of the body is produced.

Consumption of Cytomel increases the absorption of nutrients into the mitochondria. It also leads to an increase in the rate at which these food particles are burned to produce energy. This takes place by catalyzing the activities of enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolic pathway of the oxidation process. Hence an increase in the metabolic rate means higher requirement of fuel in the body. And if the body happens to be in a hypocaloric state, it will start burning the fat in the body at even a higher rate. This primarily takes place because of increase in the ATP produced in the mitochondria. In other words, an increased in the level of ATP causes an increase in overall metabolic activity of the body which is why Cytomel is taken.

Here an important thing to be kept in mind is that since mitochondrion needs fuel to facilitate its production of energy, it uses anything that comes its way to do so. It means that it there aren’t any food substrates available for the body to produce energy, the body uses the fat, proteins and even glucose to draw its fuel from. It might also start to feed on the muscles in the body to create this energy. Considering this function of the mitochondria, it is imperative that Cytomel be taken along with other anabolic steroids. This is because if the user is on a diet while taking Cytomel and does not combine it with other anabolic steroids along with it, he might lose out a great amount of muscle.

Hence Cytomel plays an important role in optimizing the metabolic rate of the user’s body. This is exactly what bodybuilders tend to achieve during their training period. Because of its ability to synthesize protein at a fast rate, Cytomel use is considered to be one of the best options to be included during pre-contest dietary. This is because it helps in the elimination of what is called the ‘sticky fat’ or the fat which somehow doesn’t want to leave your body in the last weeks of your dieting.  Many experts think that instead of taking in the last phase to cut fat, it can be always be taken initially as well when one wants to burn maximum fat by increasing body’s metabolism.

For best results in minimum time, it is highly recommended that Cytomel be used with Insulin, Anabolic Steroids and the Growth Hormone. Cytomel proves to be very useful when taken with Clenbuterol as it stops the down regulation of beta 2 receptors caused by Clen.

It is best advised to use Cytomel for optimizing your body’s metabolic rate for 9 to 10 months a year. The remaining 2 to 3 months can be used as a recovery period.

Some common side effects associated with Cytomel (incase of heavy dosage for a prolonged period) are excessive sweating, stomach cramps, irritability, insomnia, vomiting, weight loss, headache, increased appetite, fever, and diarrhea.

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A doctor who is alleged to have a gang association and a reputation for supplying anabolic steroids to body builders has been struck off the register on charges relating to irregular prescribing.

Johannes Wilson, the doctor, was understood to have left the country and did not appear or defend himself at the Health Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal (HPDT) hearing.

From Nzherald.co.nz:

Dr Wilson was found guilty of all of eight charges laid by the Medical Council’s Professional Conduct Committee, including importing Jintropin, a non-consented growth hormone, without the testing data required under the Medicines Act 1981.

Dr Wilson ran three Auckland clinics from 2001: a men’s health clinic, a clinic associated with a gym and a solo practice.

A witness who had been a body builder said Dr Wilson would inject him and fellow body builders with steroids and other body-enhancing drugs in quick consultations without any physical examination or history taken.

The doctor was found guilty in July 2006 of professional misconduct for three failed vasectomies on two men.

Tags: anabolic steroids, body builders, growth hormone, Jintropin, steroids

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Sustanon 250

Sustanon 250 is one of those very few drugs that can be trusted without any second thoughts. This is not just because it is easily accessible, but also because its efficacy is unmatched and use of Sustanon does not lead to any side effect. This highly potent drug is used to treat low testosterone and enhance body strength, muscle mass, and performance in quick time.

The molecular formula of Sustanon is C₁₉H₂₈O₂ and its chemical name is 17ß-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one. Sustanon 250 has an active life of nearly 2-3 weeks and is a combination of four different estered testosterone compounds-testosterone propionate – 30 mg, testosterone phenylpropionate – 60 mg, testosterone isocaproate – 60mg, and testosterone decanoate – 100 mg.

Sustanon is considered as one of the safest and most effective drugs for developing and maintaining functions of reproductive tissues, including testes, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicles, and penis. It is also used to treat low testosterone in men and women and promote male secondary sexual characteristics such as growth of hair, muscle strength, etc. The drug is routinely prescribed to individuals with low testosterone as part of replacement therapy for testosterone deficiency.

In addition to all these benefits, Sustanon 250 is also admired for its unique ability of improving the count of red blood cells (RBCs) in the body that further promotes improved exercise endurance and oxygen carrying capacity within the body. Furthermore, the drug is second to none when it comes to improving the levels of protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in as short as four to six weeks.

The recommended dose of Sustanon 250 is 250-500 mg per week. It is commonly stacked with legal anabolic steroids and performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) such as Anadrol, Trenbolone, and Winstrol or with growth hormone or Thyroxin for a period of six to eight weeks. This performance enhancing drug is best used during the off-season, because of its long life.

Since use of Sustanon can lead to excess formation of estrogens (that may lead to oily skin, acne, or gynecomastia) in some cases, ready supplies of antiestrogens like Clomiphene, Tamoxifen, or Arimidex are highly recommended. Use of Sustanon is not recommended to those suffering from breast or prostate cancer or having hypersensitivity to Sustanon or any of its ingredients. It is also not recommended to breastfeeding and pregnant women and should not be used by individuals suffering from kidney disorders, migraine, epilepsy, high blood pressure, hypercalcaemia, or heart problems.

Sustanon 250 should only be used after recommendation of a qualified medical practitioner and should be used only as per medical advice. The drug should not be abused, knowingly or unknowingly. Sustanon abuse can lead to side effects, including depression, hair loss, impotency, and testicular atrophy. Sustanon 250 should not be refrigerated and must be kept in a tight container that is protected against heat, moisture, and sunlight. The drug should be kept away from the reach of children, unauthorized usage, and pets. In case any abnormality is experienced after using Sustanon, use of the drug should be discontinued on an immediate basis and medical advice should be sought at the earliest.

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Finnish cross-country skier Juha Lallukka has denied having used the forbidden human growth hormone.

Juha Vanhanen, the manager of Lallukka, said in the Finnish commercial television channel MTV3’s sports newscast Tulosruutu that the growth hormone detected in Lallukka’s A-sample originates from the skier’s own system.

From Hs.fi:

In the Finnish Olympic Committee’s Sochi 2014 Programme a total of EUR 200,000 has been allocated for cross-country skiing for the season 2011-2012.

Now Lallukka’s computational share has been suspended until more light has been shed on the case.

On paper, the EUR 200,000 training grant has been divided between nine skiers.

In reality, however, there have been only eight skiers to enjoy the benefits, for Lallukka has not taken part in any of the organised national team training camps and has not really utilised the services of head coach Magnar Dalen.

“We have been in touch with the Finnish Ski Association and asked for further clarification. We have also approached our cooperation partners and presented our view of what has transpired,” said Kari Niemi-Nikkola, the Sports Director of the Finnish Olympic Committee.

Tags: growth hormone, human growth hormone, Juha Lallukka, skier, skiing

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Angel “Memo” Hernandez, the strength and conditioning coach of Juan Manuel Marquez, recently threatened to sue Alex Ariza, his counterpart in the camp of Manny Pacquiao.

“I would like to say through this medium and the public that logically, we are preparing a lawsuit for defamation against Mr. Alex Ariza,” Hernandez said, his words translated from Spanish.

From Boxingforum.com:

While it is unclear exactly which of Ariza’s comments have sparked Hernandez’ statements, Hernandez has come under scrutiny lately after former BALCO chief Victor Conte revealed through his Twitter account on Monday that Hernandez is the former Angel Heredia.

As the government’s star witness in the infamous BALCO doping cases, Heredia testified before a San Francisco court in May of 2008 that he had sold banned substances—namely EPO, growth hormone and steroids—to Olympic sprinters like Marion Jones.

Conte ended up serving four months in prison for his role in orchestrating the steroid distribution scandal.

However, Hernandez’ ire was not directed at Conte, but rather at Ariza and Pacquiao, the latter of whom will fight Marquez on Nov. 12 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas.

“On his behalf, the declarations he has made are very direct. I think they’re very prejudicial not just with respect toward the image of Juan Manuel Marquez, but for mine as his physical trainer,” Hernandez said.

Tags: BALCO, conditioning coach, EPO, growth hormone, Juan Manuel Marquez, Manny Pacquiao, Marion Jones, steroid, steroids

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Adolpho Birch, who oversees the NFL’s drug-testing program, recently said that he was confident that game-day testing that can take place before or after games would not be disruptive to teams.

With this statement, Birch has provided a solution for a concern among players and coaches.

From NYtimes.com:

Birch said he did not believe H.G.H. is used by 10 to 20 percent of players, as some players have publicly guessed.

He declined to reveal if discussions with the players union had already begun to resolve the final details of growth hormone testing. But he played down concerns about the reliability of tests — concerns that players raised the day before the deal was completed last week — and he said that the N.F.L. hoped eventually to have a test that will expand the detection window for H.G.H.

Game-day testing would be limited to performance enhancing drugs like steroids and human growth hormone, and would not include recreational drugs, like marijuana and cocaine.

Tags: growth hormone, human growth hormone, NFL, Performance enhancing drugs, steroids

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According to Customs figures, the amount of steroids being smuggled into Australia at airports and through the postal system has more than doubled in the past five years.

In the year to July 2010, customs made 2695 seizures of steroids and growth hormone that highlighted a 155 per cent increase on the 1054 seizures made in 2004-05.

From News.com.au:

Most of the drugs seized are being imported from the US, Thailand, Hong Kong, Bulgaria, China and the UK, Customs said.

The revelation comes after the death of 22-year-old Australian bodybuilder and online celebrity Aziz “Zyzz” Sergeyevich Shavershian, who died of an undiagnosed heart defect in a Thai sauna last week.

His brother Said, 25, was found in possession of an anabolic steroid during a police raid last month. The Fitness First personal trainer pleaded guilty and was fined $479.

Zyzz denied using steroids despite talking about riding “bicycles” – gym slang for using a cycle of steroids – on Facebook.

“The majority of performance-enhancing drugs are detected at the international mail gateways and are generally from internet sites located in overseas jurisdictions which do not exercise the same controls as Australia,” a Customs spokesperson said.

Tags: anabolic steroid, bodybuilder, growth hormone, steroids

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An investigation by Spanish police into a suspected dope trafficking ring led to arrest of seven Britons among 26 people.

The Spanish police were able to seize 700,000 doses of performance enhancing drugs and counterfeit medicines as well as 10,000 vials of human growth hormone.

From Telegraph.co.uk:

Spanish police said the Britons, who have not been named but are all believed to be residents of Marbella, were “leading members” of the alleged network. Some of the illegal substances were reportedly imported into Glasgow before being packed and distributed to Europe via Manchester.

Among others arrested was the director general of a cycling club where, according to police, several former European and world champions were members. Local media reports said the club were based in the Madrid area and that the man was arrested on suspicion of receiving a “significant amount” of the red blood cell-boosting drug EPO.

Other drugs seized in 19 property searches across Spain included anabolic steroids and substances not intended for the sporting market, including hundreds of thousands of counterfeit Viagra tablets. It was these that are alleged to have been sent through Glasgow and Manchester.

Police described the ring as the largest international organization operating in Spain dedicated to drug trafficking, growth hormone, and doping substances.

Tags: anabolic steroids, EPO, growth hormone, human growth hormone, Performance enhancing drugs, Viagra

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An Assembly committee unanimously advanced legislation calling for increased surveillance of human growth hormone (HGH) amid growing evidence that the drug is abused.

The bill was described as a non-intrusive way to protect “the integrity of medicine” Health and Senior Services Committee Chairman Herb Conaway (D-Burlington) said that the bill will help eliminate abuse of HGH by patients and physicians.

From NJ.com:

“We will know whether it’s an individual patient doctor shopping or if it’s a physician who’s dealing,” Conaway told The Star-Ledger. “We’d be able to monitor both ends of the problem.”

The bill would add HGH to the list of drugs within the state’s prescription monitoring program. It follows a Star-Ledger series that revealed wide use of anabolic steroids and human growth hormone among hundreds of law enforcement officers and firefighters in New Jersey.

The Star-Ledger found in most cases that the officers used their state-funded health benefits to foot the bill for substances, with the high cost of HGH running up a tab in the millions of dollars.

According to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, growth hormone deficiency affects one of every 100,000 American adults annually.

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