T/E Ratio stands for testosterone / epitestosterone ratio. It is used to determine the relative proportion of testosterone and epitestosterone. The normal level is set at a 1:1 ratio.

T/E ratio is an important indicator of any pathological condition or external administration of any synthetic hormones. It is done by measuring the levels of testosterone glucuronide (TG) and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG) in the urine. If testosterone levels increases, TG also increases. EG, on the other hand, remains unaffected even with increase testosterone metabolism.

However, did you know that if you have flu, it might affect the result of your T/E ratio? Additionally, if you try to get the extra edge in a Friday night game, it might also alter the normal T/E ratio.

Epitestosterone is normally higher in male adolescents compared to adult males. Although epitestosterone is not considered as a performance-enhancing drug, it is banned by many sporting authorities because it can mask the presence of high levels of testosterone in the body, if the standard T/E ratio is used.

Other drugs such as NSAIDs and opioid analgesics may also affect the ratio by increasing the rate of excretion of epitestosterone metabolites.

From Test Country:

Exogenous consumption of anabolic steroidal hormone – testosterone has been associated with a significant increase in the muscle mass, stamina and endurance making it one of the most abused synthetic hormones, topping the charts ever since its discovery! For decades, a diverse array of anabolic steroids has ceremoniously been abused for exogenous performance enhancement. So, for years, efforts have been directed to find an appropriate biomarker to assess the physiologically normal levels of this magical potion and that’s how T/E ratios were discovered!

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According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, doctors never prescribe anabolic-androgenic steroids to young, healthy individuals to help them in building their muscles.

Although steroids can be used in legitimate medical purposes, it is still illegal to dispense the drug for the sole purpose of building muscles.

Sometimes, doctors may prescribe steroids in patients with severe anemia. They may also prescribe the drug in men not producing enough testosterone.

Steroids use especially for prolonged periods could produce adverse effects specific to each gender and age group.

In men, it could produce shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count, infertility, male pattern baldness, breast development or gynecomastia and an increased risk for prostate cancer.

In women, it could lead to severe growth of facial hair, baldness, changes or abnormality in the menstrual cycle leading to complete cessation, enlargement of the clitoris and deepening of the voice.

Adolescents may run the risk of suffering stunted growth due to premature maturation of their skeletal structures. Puberty changes are accelerated, and they may not reach their maximum height if they take anabolic steroids before or during their growth spurt.

Taking steroids is never smart or healthy. It may shorten your lives instead of prolonging it. It could bring about problems that could hurt you for the rest of your life.

From The Cypress Times:

Steroids do make users bulk up, but the health risks are high. It’s true, on steroids biceps bulge; abs ripple; and quads balloon. But that’s just on the outside. Steroid users may be very pleased when they flex in the mirror, but they may create problems on the inside.

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Two men were sentenced at the Sheffield Crown Court on 5 October 2009 after being found involved in a conspiracy to sell and supply Class C drugs, including HGHs.

Richard Flynn, a heavy goods vehicle technician from Rawmarsh (Rotherham), and Christopher Taylor, a house husband and gym owner from Rawmarsh, were sentenced after a joint operation was followed by the South Yorkshire Police and MHRA.

While Richard was sentenced to 12-month imprisonment, suspension for 18-month, and additional penalty of 120-hour community service, Christopher was sentenced to 9-month imprisonment, suspension for 12-month, and additional penalty of 80-hour community service.

From Medicalnewstoday.com:

The operation netted seizures of substantial quantities of Class C drugs - testosterone, methandienone, and oxymetholone. £9,000 cash hidden in a cupboard under the stairs was also seized from Flynn’s home. The total estimated street value of the drugs seized was £7,000.

The pair were also involved in the importation of the human growth hormone, Hygetropin, with an estimated value of £96,000.

Tests on the products seized during the investigation had shown that both the oxymetholone and Hygetropin contained no trace of the stated active ingredients.

MHRA Head of Operations, Danny Lee-Frost, said the case highlighted the robust action taken by the MHRA against those who illegally sell and supply medicines.

The counsel defending Flynn remarked that he came in contact with steroids with the aim of participating in the World’s Strongest Man competition.

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A team of researchers involved in ascertaining the impact of anabolic steroid use on power lifters years after the use is no longer prevalent has found that changes in the shoulder and quadriceps attained by steroid use tend to stay with steroid users years after discontinuation of steroids.

It is noteworthy to note here that anabolic steroids are synthetic hormones that are derived from testosterone, the male hormone and their use has much been in debate in professional sports where muscle strength is paramount.

From Sciencedaily.com:

Findings

The researchers found that several years after anabolic steroid withdrawal, and with no or low current strength-training, the muscle fiber area intensity, the number of nuclei per fiber in the quadriceps was still comparable to that of athletes that were currently performing high intensity strength-training. They also discovered that the shoulder-neck fiber areas were comparable to high-intensity trained athletes and the number of nuclei per fiber was even higher than found in the current steroid-using group.

Conclusions

According to the lead researcher, Dr. Eriksson, ”It is possible that the high number of nuclei we found in the muscle might be beneficial for an athlete who continues or resumes strength training because increased myonuclei opens up the possibility of increasing protein synthesis, which can lead to muscle mass.”  He added, “Based on the characteristics between doped and non-doped power lifters, we conclude that a period of anabolic steroid usage is an advantage for a power lifter in competition, even several years after they stop taking a doping drug.”

It is evident from this study that even a period of anabolic steroid usage is more than enough to be an advantage for a power lifter in competitive events, even after passage of several years after doping has been discontinued by the power lifter.

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Richard Flynn, a heavy good technician from Rawmarsh, Rotherham and Christopher Taylor, a househusband and a gym owner from Rawmarsh, Rotherham were sentenced last October 5, 2009 at Sheffield Crown Court for conspiracy to sell and distribute controlled substances, including human growth hormone. The charges followed a joint operation conducted by the MHRA and South Yorkshire Police.

During the operation, police authorities seized substantial amounts of Class C drugs such as testosterone, methandienone, and oxymetholone. A £9,000 worth of cash was found inside a cupboard under the stairs in Flynn’s home. Drugs seized during the investigation are estimated at £7,000 in street value.

Tests made on the products seized revealed that both oxymetholone and Hygetropin contained no trace of the stated active ingredients.

Furthermore, the two men were also involved in the importation of the human growth hormone , Hygetropin, which has an estimated street value of £96,000.

Flynn faces a twelve-month imprisonment, 18 months suspension from his job, and an additional 120-hour penalty community service.

Meanwhile, Taylor was sentenced to nine-month imprisonment, suspended for twelve months, and an 80-hour community service as penalty.

MHRA Head of Operations, Danny Lee-Frost believed that the pair endangered the lives of those around them in exchange for their personal gain.

From the Medical News Today:

MHRA Head of Operations, Danny Lee-Frost, said the case highlighted the robust action taken by the MHRA against those who illegally sell and supply medicines.

“As the UK regulator of medicines, we strive to ensure that only the competent and honest are licensed to deal in medicines, and take swift action against anyone who acts otherwise.

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According to Polk County Police Department Chief Kenny Dodd, two of his officers John Garrett, 41, of Silver Creek, and Shawn Bates, 27, of Silver Creek both resigned effective Sept. 21 before their termination date.

On the other hand, Police Chief Jamie Newsome of Cedartown Police Department also announced that one of his officers, Scott Couch, 36, of Cedartown, also tendered resignation effective October 5 before his termination date.

The resignations were a result of an investigation, which started on September 2 at the county police department.

Dodd said Bates’ wife called him because his husband was acting “strange.” During an investigation, they discovered that Bates and Garrett ordered the ingredients to manufacture anabolic steroids. They converted the ingredients to liquid form before they consumed it.

Further investigations made were under Garrity warning. That means, any answers provided by a police officer during an internal investigation may not be used against him in a criminal proceeding. The warning informs a police officer that he will be subjected to investigation for violation of departmental rules.

Although Bates admitted to using steroids, Garrett denied any wrongdoing. Newsome also admitted to providing one vial of injectable testosterone to Garrett.

From Cedartown Standard:

With the officers’ resignations, there will be no further action taken by the local agencies. Dodd noted that the officers’ statements having been made under Garrity Warnings precludes using their testimony in any kind of criminal indictment.

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Just like the new rule proposed by New Jersey Racing Commission executive director Frank Zanzuccki for standardbreds, a similar rule was proposed regarding the testing program and penalties for anabolic-androgenic steroids use in thoroughbreds.

Last Monday, officials of the New Jersey Racing Commission proposed that thoroughbred racehorses’ use of anabolic steroids must be banned. It could be permitted at very low specified levels, provided it cannot affect the horse’s performance in a race. Four anabolic steroids, namely, boldenone, nandrolone, stanozolol and testosterone, in trace amounts below 200 picograms/ milliliter are approved for use in horses. Trainers caught violating this policy could have their license suspended and a hefty fine will be imposed.

According to the commission, the new rule could be a positive deterrent on the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids. It will possible reduce the number of competing horses with anabolic steroids in their system.

It would help promote fairness in wagering, thus result in promotion of horseracing. It could significantly improve the racetrack attendance rate as well as the number of those who wager.

This new rule would be similar to those implemented in more than 20 states in recent years.

From Asbury Park Press:

New Jersey regulations lagged until a state appeals court reversed a ruling that prevented officials from pursuing new guidelines. An organization representing horsemen had argued that the racing commission acted before a study on the topic had been completed.

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According to as study conducted by the Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) researchers, deficiencies in androgen hormones, particularly testosterone may be linked increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in men. However, it is alleged to increase the risk of prostate cancer in men.

In the Journal of Andrology, several studies were published linking steroid hormones deficiency to increased mortality in men.

BUSM researchers, in collaboration with researchers from Lahey Clinic Northshore, Peabody, Massachusetts, evaluated several of the published studies linking androgen deficiencies with cardiovascular disease. They have determined that a relationship indeed exist between the two factors.

According to lead author Dr. Abdulmaged M. Traish, professor of biochemistry and urology and director of Laboratories for Sexual Medicine, Institute for Sexual Medicine at BUSM, androgen replacement therapy could be a potential treatment to reduce risk for cardiovascular disease in men. It should be carefully monitored, however, to detect any signs of prostate diseases in men.

Furthermore, the researchers recommend large, long-term, double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trials be performed in order to establish the role of androgen deficiency in increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in men.

Traish added that these initial findings suggest further studies to be conducted regarding the role of androgens in preventing cardiovascular disease in men.

From new Kerala:

Washington, September 26: The deficiency of steroid hormones called androgens, such as testosterone, may be behind cardiovascular disease, according to a study.

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The relationship between steroids and sports is getting stronger and stronger with each passing day despite the fact that sports and anabolic steroids are condemned by former sportsmen, sporting bodies, and even some of the steroid-using sportsmen of the past.

Even though steroids are considered to be totally harmful by some, the truth is that they are not harmful and does not bring any side effects with them.

From Entertainment.howstuffworks.com:

Anabolic Steroids

A steroid is a chemical substance derived from cholesterol. The body has several major steroid hormones — cortisol and testosterone in the male, estrogen and progesterone in the female. Catabolic steroids break down tissue, and anabolic steroids build up tissue. Anabolic steroids build muscle and bone mass primarily by stimulating the muscle and bone cells to make new protein.

Athletes use anabolic steroids because they increase muscle strength by encouraging new muscle growth. Anabolic steroids are similar in structure to the male sex hormone, testosterone, so they enhance male reproductive and secondary sex characteristics (testicle development, hair growth, thickening of the vocal cords). They allow the athlete to train harder and longer at any given period.

Anabolic steroids are mostly testosterone (male sex hormone) and its derivatives. Examples of anabolic steroids include:

* Testosterone
* Dihydrotestosterone
* Androstenedione (Andro)
* Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
* Clostebol
* Nandrolone

If one has a close look at the abovementioned facts, it can be easily derived that anabolic steroids are nothing but exceptional products that have no side effects until lack of knowledge or over-dependence leads to steroid abuse.

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According to results of an animal study that were presented at the Endocrine Society’s 91st Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C., a new form of treatment has been discovered for providing relief to patients suffering from muscle atrophy.

Muscular atrophy is a debilitating process that causes an extensive loss of muscle function and mass and considerably reduces quality of life in patients.

It is noteworthy to note here that some of the present-day treatment methods include anabolic steroids (testosterone) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IFG-1) that may not appear to be safe, according to study co-author Andrea Graziani, PhD, molecular biologist with the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and the Biotechnology Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.

From News-Medical.Net:

“Because of the wide impact of muscular atrophy on public health, it is of pivotal importance to find new and better drug strategies to treat it,” Graziani said.

Graziani and his co-workers are studying des-acyl ghrelin, a form of ghrelin, the appetite-stimulating hormone found in the body. Until recently, researchers thought that des-acyl ghrelin was inactive because it does not share the main activities of ghrelin-stimulating appetite, fat and the release of growth hormone.

However, Graziani’s group recently found that des-acyl ghrelin shares some biological activities with ghrelin, such as stimulating differentiation of other cells, including-important to this study-cells that are precursors to skeletal muscle cells.

In this new study, the researchers discovered that des-acyl ghrelin has a direct anti-atrophic activity on the skeletal muscle of mice with muscular atrophy caused by either denervation (nerve injury) or fasting. Mice that were genetically altered to have increased levels of des-acyl ghrelin had less skeletal muscle loss than the untreated control mice. This held true for both causes of muscular atrophy.

The mechanism by which des-acyl ghrelin protects muscle against atrophy is not yet known, the authors reported. However, it is distinct from the action of anabolic steroids and IGF-1.

The involved researchers said that des-acyl ghrelin provides a direct anti-atrophic activity on mice’s skeletal muscle that is caused by nerve injury or fasting.

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